The total number of people who have completed or in the process of completing a specific trial. This number includes patients who withdraw.

iRECIST (immune Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) is a set of guidelines designed to evaluate tumor response in cancer immunotherapy trials.

RECIST 1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) is the standard, evidence-based guideline used in oncology clinical trials to objectively assess how tumors respond to treatment. It classifies patient responses into four categories—Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), Stable Disease (SD), and Progressive Disease (PD)—based on changes in tumor size.

A bad reaction to a treatment. Also called adverse effect and adverse reaction.

Hazard ratio. In clincial trials, it’s a measure of how often a particular event happens in one group compared to how often it happens in another group, over time. A hazard ratio of one means that there is no difference in survival between the two groups. A hazard ratio of greater than one or less than one means that survival was better in one of the groups.

The process of analyzing the data from all participants in a trial, based on the group or arm they were initially assigned to. This is done regardless of whether patients dropped out, did not adhere to the full treatment, or were switched to another treatment arm. This is in contrast to a “per-protocol” analysis, where those in the groups listed above would be excluded from the analysis.

The length of time that patients are alive after starting the particular trial treatment. In study results, this value is reported as the median amount of time participants experienced OS